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Biofeedback Industry and FDA Compliance: Dr.
Anand Akerkar, Ph.D.
Chief Executive Officer mdi Consultants, Inc. , 55 Northern Blvd. , Great Neck, NY
11021 Tel# (516) 482-9001 Fax# (516) 482-0186
For decades, industries such as pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, biologicals, dental etc.
have been complying with the FDA regulations and striving. Biofeedback falls into the
category of both diagnostics and treatment which has always been found to be both safe and
effective. However, the FDA has always felt that biofeedback is not a science, and is
probably more like "witchcraft". This statement is not meant to underscore the
FDA’s understanding of the subject, but it is a reflection on the attempts that the
biofeedback industry has made to gain the scientific recognition it deserves. However,
more recently FDA has begun to accept biofeedback as a recognized technique for diagnostic
uses.
By complying with FDA regulations including the GMP, filing properly prepared 510(k)s,
and/or PMAs, this will certainly help this industry to be in par with the other industries
burdened with these same FDA regulations. This presentation will focus on how to comply
with FDA in a proactive approach, its pros and cons and the problem if one fails to
comply.
Five years of Neurofeedback in a Public
Charter School - Building a Base and Expanding into the Community. John S. Anderson, MA
A Chance To Grow, Inc./New Visions School - IDS #4011 3820 Emerson Ave. N ,
Minneapolis, MN 55412 612-521-2266 e-mail - jsander@fishnet.com
Report on 34 elementary school students
receiving daily AVS training
Twenty public and fourteen parochial
school students received daily Audio/Visual Stimulation (AVS) training in Perham, a small
community in northern Minnesota. Pre-testing consisted of the TOVA 7 and teachers and
parents completion of the Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale (Burks’). Eight of the
students were given more extensive academic testing pre and post training. Students were
referred to the program with a variety of learning and behavior problems including
attention problems, impulsivity and hyperactivity, reading and other academic delays,
anxiety and others.
Parent permission was obtained using a carefully developed
informed consent, which documented the potential negative effects, including the
possibility of induced seizure activity from the training. Students received an average of
31 sessions of AVS training with a minimum of 26 and a maximum of 35 sessions out of 38
opportunities. Equipment used was the Comptronics David Paradise XL unit amplified through
a 10 person splitter with individual sound and light intensity controls for each
participant. "Tru-View" eyesets with white lights were used throughout the
study.
Sessions lasted 20 to 22 minutes. The first 8 sessions consisted of a
combination of alpha and theta frequencies. Subsequent sessions utilized a protocol
developed by Michael Joyce consisting of cycles of 2 minutes with left brain (right visual
field and right ear) stimulation at 18 hz and right brain (left visual field and left ear)
stimulation at 12 hz followed by a 30 second ramp to 10 hz bilaterally for 2 minutes and
then a repeat of the cycle for 22 minutes. All sessions finished with a 1 minute
"soft off" period.
Results are currently being evaluated and will be presented for the
first time at the Futurehealth Conference in Palm Springs. Preliminary results show
significant improvement in most measures.
Schools and Clinical Practice - Neurofeedback is not enough. John S. Anderson
Five years of Neurofeedback (NFB) in the public schools and in clinical practice shows
that EEG is not enough. This workshop will present data on more than 100 students plus
specific case histories. It will also challenge your assumptions with data on AVS, HSAS,
VT, and NPP which address needs that NFB cannot. These methods can be an exciting adjunct
to a clinical practice.
Abstract: Five years of experience using NFB in the public schools and in clinical
practice has shown that NFB alone is not sufficient to address all the needs presented by
students in the school or by clients in a clinical practice. Other interventions may be
more effective and may be necessary before NFB can work. Screening or testing for theses
needs and then providing training specific to their resolution can significantly enhance a
private practice. It is also a highly effective approach to the difficulties faced by our
public and private schools.
Neurofeedback training was introduced to the Minneapolis Public Schools in 1990. Housed
in Shingle Creek School in North Minneapolis, the program saw only a few students but
results were encouraging so the program continued. The program moved to Harrison School in
1991 and then found a permanent home in New Visions School in 1992. New Visions School
also incorporated other unique educational interventions such as Vision Therapy (VT) and
Neuro-Physiological Programming (NPP). It became clear that these interventions were
effective for students when NFB was not or was a helpful adjunct to NFB when this was
indicated.
Students who could not perform basic visual processing tasks needed specific visual
training exercises to encourage the development of appropriate visual processing skills.
Children with poorly developed nervous systems who had mixed hand, foot, and eye dominance
needed specific physical exercises repeated daily with sufficient frequency, intensity and
duration to encourage age appropriate neurological development.
These services were grouped loosely under the umbrella of a non-profit agency known as A
Chance To Grow, Inc. (ACTG). New Visions School (NVS) was a Public Charter Elementary
School begun by ACTG to provide a way to bring these services to underserved children and
adults in the inner city of Minneapolis. The gains realized by NVS students were
remarkable. Starting with at least a year deficit in reading to be enrolled in NVS,
students have made an average of 1.6 years gain in reading level for each year NVS has
been in operation. Where they were failing in their previous school placement and falling
further and further behind in reading each year, now they were making more than a years
gain for each year they were in NVS.
The services were also available to adults and children from the surrounding community
both during the school year and through intensive summer programs. Results for these
outside clients were equally impressive and encouraged ACTG to begin the process of
raising funds to build an new building to more adequately house all of its programs.
In 1996 the Speech and Audiology department of ACTG began exploring the use of
corrective measures for students with auditory processing deficits. They settled on a
standard program developed by Kjeld Johansen of Denmark which uses specifically designed
audiotapes to promote optimal hearing levels and right ear dominance. The first year only
10 students received this training and only 7 received pre and post testing. Of these, 6
improved and 4 showed significant improvements.
Audio/Visual Stimulation (AVS) was introduced on a limited basis in the fall of 1997.
Michael Joyce, an associate of ACTG in Perham Minnesota, began a more comprehensive
program at the same time. He performed pre and post TOVA’s and parent and teacher
Burks’ Behavior Rating Scales with 34 students who received daily AVS sessions
focused on increasing mental flexibility. Results were generally quite positive and in
some cases were remarkable.
This workshop will present ways clinicians can incorporate these methods into a private
clinical practice and will also cover how to bring these methods into the public and
private schools in virtually any area.
Sources of funding will be discussed including state grants for technology, special
education services and demonstration projects.
Treating Depression with the Asymmetry Protocol: Progress and Problems Elsa Baehr,
Ph.D.
Clinical Associate, Dept. of Behavorial Sciences,
Northwestern University and Private Practice, Evanston, Il.
For the past three years we have been using an alpha asymmetry protocol* as an
adjunctive treatment for clinical depression. While we have seen apparently remarkable
change in a short time in some individuals, we have found that this treatment approach
does not work for all types of individuals, and all types of depressions. This paper
summarizes our current findings, and discusses some of the problems which have emerged
during the treatment process.
*A patented protocol. Dr. Peter Rosenfeld, Dept. of Psychology Northwestern University
Evanston, Il. jp-rosenfled@nwu.edu
Combining QEEG and Evoked Potentials for the Classification of Various Psychiatric
Behaviors: Toward Improved Differential Diagnosis Donald Bars, Ph.D.; F. LaMarr Heyrend,
MD; C. Dene Simpson, PhD; & James C. Munger, PhD
Donald Bars, Ph.D Treasure Valley NeuroScience Center 411 North Allumbaugh Boise,
Idaho 83710
This paper discusses the results of an on-going quasi-experimental research project
investigating the use of quantitative electronencephalographic (QEEG), visual (VEP), and
auditory (AEP) evoked potential studies as aids in the differential diagnosis of
psychiatric behaviors in children and adolescents. Participants were 328 individuals (ages
6-18) evaluated during 1995 and 1996. Based upon preliminary clinical research in our
laboratory, individuals were classified into four groups, (1) Attention/Deficit-
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), (2) Affective disorder without VEP indicators of explosive
or ruminating behaviors, (3) Affective disorder with VEP indicators of explosive or
ruminating behaviors, and (4) mixed ADHD/affective disorder (N=42, 83, 118, 85
respectively).
Statistical analysis of QEEG absolute power, across all standard revealed that each
group could be significantly (all p’s < .001) distinguished by the activity
occurring. The outcome of this study suggests that it is possible to utilize
electrophysiological data to obtain more precise diagnostic categories associated with
ADHD and affective disorders, enhancing therapeutic specificity and outcomes.
Neurofeedback with Court Ordered Criminal
Offenders In & Out of Jail, Alfonso Bermea
Neurotherapy Consultative Services 2467 SW
Kingsrow Road Topeka, Kansas 66614 ncs@cjnetworks.com
Alfonso will present current information on the treatment of clients who have been
convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) or convicted of possession of
illegal narcotics and those who were drinking when they committed domestic violence and
are court ordered to attend and complete drug and alcohol treatment. The information he
will share describes a new relationship between Neurofeedback and the criminal justice
system. At a time when the courts are searching for an effective alternative to
incarceration and recidivism this model of treatment offers much hope.
Workshop Applying Neurofeedback to Criminal Offenders: Alfonso Bermea
Anyone working with clients who have a history of problems which led to involvement
in the criminal justice system will appreciate the information Alfonso will present in
this 2 hour workshop. Alfonso will cover the clinical treatment of addictions, alcoholism,
drug addiction, post traumatic stress disorder, mild closed head injury, ADD, ADHD,
violent behavior, and domestic violence. The issue of interfacing treatment with the court
system and developing referrals will be covered. Alfonso will report on the status of
Neurofeedback in the criminal justice system focusing on the development of a new model of
treatment incorporating Neurofeedback as the foundation for change
Bio: Mr. Alfonso Bermea Jr. currently lives in Topeka, Kansas where he serves as the
Program Coordinator, for the Wellness Addiction Community Treatment Health (WATCH)
program. This program is directed by the Life Sciences Institute of Mind Body Health, Inc.
under the directors Steve Fahrion, Pat Norris, Carol Snarr and Jeff Nichols all formerly
of the Menninger Institute in Topeka. Alfonso's experience in working with violent,
addicted criminal and psychiatric populations spans more than decade. Alfonso is
recognized for the research he conducted while with the Texas Youth Commission, working
with violent and addicted youthful offenders who had committed murder.
Alfonso is the Chief Executive Officer of Neurotherapy Consultative Services a private
company he developed to provide training and consultation nationally and internationally.
Fundamentals of Neurofeedback: The Five Phase Model of CNS Functional Transformation
(For the Foundations Course) Valdeane Brown
121 Prospect St. Port Jefferson NY 11777 516-473-7317 weare@zengar.com
Neurofeedback is a breakthrough approach to resolving dysfunction, improving performance
and enhancing life experience. However, most of the models and techniques are overly
complex and confusing to beginning practitioners. This presentation discusses a simple,
yet comprehensive approach to Neurofeedback that integrates all of the other major
protocols. Utilizing a Five Phase Model, this core approach gives you a firm functional
understanding to how the CNS recovers from dysfunction and returns to its natural state of
healthy chaos. From this perspective it becomes possible to understand the underlying core
of the clinical practice of Neurofeedback in a way that will simplify the learning process
and let you get results quickly – regardless of what brand of equipment you use.
You will learn:
-How "theta" is actually composed of three targets frequencies (3, 5 & 7
Hz) each with its own role in health and dysfunction
-To target augment frequencies precisely and sequentially to treat even the most
challenging clients in a safe manner
-The use of FFT and direct digital filtering systems and their relative roles in
clinical decision making and data analysis
-The value of Cz as a central site for training
What you don’t know about NF could fill a book – or empty your Practice
Part I: The Period 3 Approach to the Chaotic Control Mechanisms Underlying CNS
Renormalization Valdeane Brown
Neurofeedback is an exciting arena in which new discoveries and protocols are
emerging at an unprecedented rate. The list of disorders and conditions that respond to
Neurofeedback is almost as extensive as the bewildering array of techniques and theories
that have promulgated around it.
The field is limited, however, by linear models of EEG and overly complex
neuroanatomical theories. These older ideas have led clinicians to maintain a
"sickness" based orientation that is predicated upon discerning the precise
disorder afflicting each client and, then, devising a specific treatment for that
particular disorder. At best, such linear complexity is unnecessary for developing an
effective paradigm for neurofeedback.
Most of the clinical applications of Neurofeedback have used a single channel of EEG,
with multiple bandwidth filters being applied, in order to provide feedback re: ongoing
shifts in frequency and amplitude in the EEG signal. These approaches are based on linear
mathematical models which assume a one-to-one relationship between feedback targets and
clinical change. Thus, for example, an increase in amplitude in a particular frequency
range (Beta) is thought to lead to a decrease in a specific symptom (Early Morning
Awakening). Although these theories have expanded to include simultaneous inhibits of
different bands and to the use of ratios between the inhibit and augment targets (e.g.
Theta/Beta ratios and ADD, they remain unidimensional, linear, neuroanatomically anchored
and symptom oriented. They have also led to protocols using only minimal sets of auditory
and visual feedback in order to keep from "overwhelming the client" with too
much information.
These traditional approaches ignore two critical factors: a.) the EEG signal is
non-linear, dynamical, chaotic in structure; andb.). the CNS is non-linear in
organization. Four important elements emerge from a close consideration of the
non-linearity of the CNS and EEG.
1. EEG is not appropriately captured by mathematical tools based on linear transforms
(such as FIR, IIR, FFT or even IQM techniques).
2. Dysfunction is better characterized in terms of discrete attractors within the
spectrum, and functionality is better captured as the ability to fluidly shift amplitudes
throughout the spectrum.
3. The CNS can not be trained optimally with linear procedures, but requires the use of
non-linear, dynamical control mechanisms.
4. Since the CNS is non-linear, it is designed to process and respond effectively to
incredibly dense stimuli arrays in the midst of very noisy environments so feedback can be
complex, differential, syncopated and simultaneous.
This presentation demonstrates and discusses a radically different approach to
Neurofeedback that integrates these ideas and addresses the problems inherent in the
older, linear models. The Period 3 Approach trains multiple feedback parameters
simultaneously using two discrete, real-time channels of EEG. Unique non-linear, dynamical
approaches to threshold setting are utilized in very precise ways that reflect the chaotic
structure of the EEG itself. Combining these factors appropriately challenges each hemisphere to disrupt its specific
attractors of dysfunction while being chaotically synchronized to basins of functional
stability. This directly perturbs the entire CNS to maximally reorganize its dynamical
structure and reestablish a healthy degree of chaos – i.e., the adaptive and
resilient chaos that is characteristic of vital physiological systems. The goal is to
increase the self-regulatory ability of the CNS, not to decrease particular symptoms, so a
single, comprehensive theory can be applied effectively to all clinical phenomena --
regardless of the presenting complaint or emergent symptomatology of the client.
What you don’t know about NF could fill a book – or empty your Practice Part
II: Clinical Nitty-Gritty of the Period 3 Approach see
Sue Dermit
4 hour workshop: Using Non-Linear, Dynamical Control Mechanisms to Simplify and Amplify
the Power of Neurofeedback: Moving From the Five Phases to the Period 3 Approach: Valdeane
Brown
Clinical approaches to Neurofeedback are often highly detailed and complex, leading
the beginning- and even experienced practitioner, to feel less than adequate in treating
the variety of disorders that walk through the clinical door.
Such complex treatment protocols stem from a viewpoint which places disorder at the hub
of our interventions- a "sickness based" model which, much like western
medicine, assumes disorders are discrete entities necessitating different and distinct
treatment protocols. Under this model, the challenge is to discover the "right"
treatment, which is also likely to be "wrong" for another disorder.
The powerful yet simple strategies to be offered in this "hands-on"
presentation stem from a way of working that places self-regulation, not disorder, at its
center. We call this paradigm the Period 3 Approach.
This new approach integrates non-linear, dynamical approaches to control of feedback
systems with the clinical wisdom of the prior Five Phase Model of CNS Functional
Transformation developed by Dr. Valdeane W. Brown.
The Period 3 Approach trains multiple feedback parameters simultaneously using two
discrete, real-time channels of EEG. Unique non-linear,
dynamical approaches to threshold setting are utilized in very precise ways that reflect
the chaotic structure of the EEG itself. Vital to the
safety and success of this approach is the use of appropriate inhibits.
These will be detailed as well as sequences of augments. The extraordinary non-linear
results currently noted from the use of an original (21 Hz), and a less commonly used (40
Hz), frequency bands will particularly be addressed, as will working with patients
concurrently receiving ECT. You will also discover how you train two very different
attentional states on the left and right side of the brain simultaneously, increasing the
power of your interventions.
Combining these factors appropriately challenges each hemisphere to disrupt its specific
attractors of dysfunction while being chaotically synchronized to basins of functional
stability. This directly perturbs the entire CNS to maximally reorganize its dynamical
structure and reestablish a healthy degree of chaos – i.e., the adaptive and
resilient chaos that is characteristic of vital physiological systems. The goal is to
increase the self-regulatory ability of the CNS, not to decrease particular symptoms, so a
single, comprehensive theory can be applied effectively to all clinical phenomena --
regardless of the presenting complaint or emergent symptomatology of the client.
Neurofeedback is unparalleled as a vehicle for providing the brain with what it works
with best- information. Given appropriate information the brain begins to self-regulate
more effectively and efficiently. When this happens, a myriad of apparently disparate
symptoms drop away. It doesn’t matter if you are talking about anxiety, depression,
immune system dysfunction or pain- it is, after all, all the same nervous system.
The Period 3 Approach is equally applicable to remediation of symptoms as well as
training for personal growth, spiritual development and optimal (peak) performance. Its
simple and straightforward methods will particularly resonate with:
__ providers interested in appealing to the "personal growth" market as a
means of reducing dependency on managed care;
__ providers who want to ensure rapid and powerful results while effectively eliminating
unwanted side effects;
__providers challenged by a particularly diverse range of client problems, and
__ entry level Neurofeedback practitioners who are excited but confused about how best
to proceed with development of their own clinical practice.
workshop PROCOMP+/BIOGRAPH SCREEN AND
PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT FOR OPTIMAL CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS
Taught by Valdeane W. Brown Ph.D. and Susan Dermit Ph.D.
While the ProComp+/Biograph system from Thought Technology is incredibly powerful
and flexible, learning how to use it can be a daunting task.
We have developed a focussed and intensive workshop that will let you really learn how
to make this system come alive for you. It is the only one of its kind. It is the most
comprehensive means available to teach you not only the nitty gritty of tailoring the
ProComp+/ Biograph system for your own use, but also to assist you in realizing the
potential available to you through an in-depth understanding of this innovative system.
The material will be presented from the perspective of an original clinical approach. This
has evolved partly from cross-fertilization with the field of quantum mechanics, but also,
more practically and more recently, through the use of this particular equipment. We have
noticed that our way of working has shifted dramatically over the past year. Our earlier
conceptualizations still apply, but we no longer experience the limits of our equipment.
We find we are able to effect powerful clinical shifts in our clients in a much shorter
time, while offering an expanded palette of opportunities to those who work with us. You
too, will discover your own exciting and more powerful ways to work as you uncover the
possibilities inherent in the system. This course is the just the beginning for you.
You will learn how to:
-Develop screens that allow your biofeedback practice to come alive.
-Modify audio qualities, feedback contingencies and display options for maximal client
response.
-Combine screens into protocols that simplify clinical decision making and increase your
efficiency and effectivess.
-Preview the next release of the Biograph system and receive the latest information on
anticipated new features.
-Work with examples of state of the art screens and multimedia presentations based
upon the Period 3 and Five Phase Models of CNS Functional Transformation developed by Dr.
Brown
Utilizing Multiple Placement Montages and Phase, Coherence, Synchrony and Linear
Channel Combination Training Paradigms with the Brownback-Mason Protocol for the Treatment
of Dissociation/Addiction , Thomas S. Brownback
Brownback, Mason and Associates, Group Psychological Practice, 1702 Walnut Street
Allentown, PA 18104-6741, 610-434-1540 fax 610-434-6775 (not a dedicated line) 103220.457@compuserve.com
Last year's presentation on the Brownback Mason Protocol demonstrated how single
placement training to increase theta amplitude at the central, parietal, occipital and
temporal lobes helped clients to connect with dissociated traunatic material. This year we
will look at how to further augment the Brownback Mason Protocol by using multiple
placement montages with a variety of additional training paradigms to enhance the speed
and vividness of conscious awareness of buried traumatic memories.
Demons, Personalities and Beta4; Tom Brownback
A number of clients who have been
sexually and physically abused, especially clients who have been subjected to satanic and
ritualistic abuse, have reported experiencing two types of phenomena in their inner world.
One phenomena is generally known as personalities or alters and refers to the split off
aspects of consciousness which are accompanied by an underlying abnormal EEG pattern. The
other phenomena which some clients report and which is very subjectively different is that
there are actual spiritual entities which they believe to be demons. These two phenomena
will be discussed as well as the the need for different treatment strategies (which
include neurotherapy).
(workshop)The Brownback-Mason Protocol Utilizing Neurotherapy with
Dissociation/Addiction Thomas S. Brownback
The Brownback-Mason Protocol is a fully integrated therapeutic approach
incorporating EEG biofeedback for the treatment of dissociation. Dissociation is the
splitting off of consciousness from a person's identity. This "splitting off"
process is based in trauma. Trauma affects the brain anatomically, neurologically and
biochemically. Traumatic verses non-traumatic memories are stored in the brain in
different places and in different ways.
Until recently the only means of accessing this traumatically stored material has been
through psychotherapy, hypnotherapy and guided imagery. These methods are typically slow,
often requiring ten or more years to achieve full integration.
When using the Brownback-Mason Protocol the following results have been attained:
1. A significant increase in the ability to access the dissociated material.
2. The time to accomplish full integration is reduced by as much as 70%.
3. Clients experience a heightened sense of mastery over their lives.
What you will learn in this workshop:
1. How and why the EEG of a dissociative differs from a normal EEG.
2. Where and how traumatic versus non-traumatic memories are stored.
3. How using the Brownback-Mason Protocol will promote normalization of the EEG.
4. Why monitoring one or two bands of EEG are not enough to produce the most effective
results.
5. How to do full spectral training in order to attain attentional flexibility.
Thomas S. Brownback is a licensed psychologist in the state of Pennsylvania, and is
nationally certified in biofeedback therapy, neurotherapy, quantitative EEG and
addictions. He is the Executive Director of Brownback, Mason and Associates, a group
psychological private practice in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Tom has worked in the area of
dissociation for over twenty years and has been directly involved in the treatment of over
one hundred cases. He has appeared on national television concerning his work in this
area. Tom has been asked to speak at conventions and conferences around the country about
the Brownback-Mason Protocol which utilizes neurotherapy in the treatment of
dissociation/addictions. Therapists and clients from across the country come to his office
for intensive training and intensive outpatient treatment.
QEEG in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Thomas H. Budzynski
SynchroMed, LCC & the Dept. of Psychosocial & Community Health, Univ. of
Washington
5148 NE 54th Street, Seattle WA 98105 206-525-2940 F 206-545-6833
tbudzyn@u.washington.edu
Quantified EEG techniques may be useful in the diagnosis of certain disorders. An early
study by Billiott, Budzynski and Andrasik (1997) involved the monitoring of the EEG from
Cz in 28 chronic fatigue patients and 28 matched normals. The CFS group showed a
significant magnitude increase in certain theta bands and a decreased peak alpha frequency
compared to normals when under stress. In an ongoing study at the University of Washington
we are examining the QEEG’s of identical twins one of whom has CFS. Although the
study is double blinded and the code is still unbroken, we have discerned certain
maladaptive EEG patterns. The results obtained thus far will be discussed
2 hr ws Optimizing EEG Signatures In The Elderly With Neurofeedback and AVS
Augmentation Tom Budzynski, Ph.D
As much as one-third of the population
over the age of 65 suffers from memory problems as well as other cognitive deficits. Our
population is aging at its fastest rate in history. There is a rapidly growing need for
techniques that can help with these cognitive problems. Cognitive health in old age goes
hand-in-hand with physical health. Animal studies are quite clear with regard to the
effects of environmental stimulation on the mental as well as the physical health of even
aged animals. Cerebral blood flow and EEG studies document the gradual changes that occur
with age. Stress effects on short-term memory are considerable and must be taken into
consideration as well. Photic stimulation acts to increase cerebral blood flow as does
certain types of neurofeedback. Even audiocassette tapes can be used to reduce stress and
improve the EEG signature in the elderly. The research with all three of these
applications would suggest that a program which incorporates all of them would be
especially beneficial to those otherwise healthy elderly individuals who complain of
cognitive deficits. The neurofeedback parameters that may be the most helpful will be
discussed as well as the research on all three applications.
Developing Windows Based Biofeedback Applications; Sam Caldwell
Expanded Technologies inc. 8317 Ashbourne Dr. Shreveport, LA 71106 318 865-5941 Fax
865-9755 sam@vi-lab.com
When I began developing biofeedback applications in the late 70's, design decisions
centered around selecting the best hardware platform ( e.g., Apple, Commodore, Rockwell ).
With the introduction of the IBM PC and MSDOS, hardware became less and less of an issue
until the mid 80's when developing software for IBM and MSDOS became a requirement for
staying competitive.
For the last five or six years design decisions have shifted to the
pros and cons of developing mission critical biofeedback software using DOS versus
Microsoft Windows. Our decisions have been profoundly influenced by the realization that
personal computer hardware design is driven by Microsoft Windows. The current crop of
multimedia machines are obviously designed to run Windows applications with little concern
for the user wishing to run legacy DOS applications. A sterling example of the lack of
support for DOS is the, almost universal, absence of DOS compatible mouse drivers on newer
computers.
When arguments are made for DOS versus Microsoft Windows as platforms for mission
critical applications the complexity and perceived fragility of Windows is often cited as
reason to opt for DOS. The second most common argument maintains that Windows is
inherently slower than DOS and the multitasking features of Microsoft Windows introduce
unacceptable latencies in processing real-time data.
The current focus on Windows compatibility by computer manufacturers
coupled with advances in both data acquisition software and hardware significantly weaken
these arguments. In fact, the movement away from DOS by computer manufacturers and
Microsoft actually makes it much more difficult to develop, maintain and support DOS
applications which will run reliably on today's multimedia computer.
The current release of Windows 95 is significantly more reliable than
previous iterations and peripheral hardware, such as printers, frequently take advantage
of Windows 95 plug and play reducing complications and problems often seen when assembling
complex systems.
If necessary, problems arising from conflicts with concurrently
running programs can be handled by requiring the operator restrict processing to the more
demanding biofeedback software.
Concerns over latency have been addressed by incorporating buffers in
both data conversion hardware and signal processing algorithms.
Properly implemented, buffers allow data to be sampled, processed and displayed at
aggregate rates of up to 200,000 samples per second without missing or dropping data. The
current offerings of multimedia computers with clock speeds well in excess of 133 MHz,
high speed RAM and hard disks make the relatively slow acquisition and processing speeds
required for most biofeedback applications easily achievable.
The dazzling array of multimedia options, expanded resources made
available by multitasking and availability of inexpensive plug-ins and third party
software add-ons make the decision to develop biofeedback Windows based applications
compelling.
A Comprehensive Performance Enhancement Strategy; Dennis Campbell
818-789-3491 F 818 788-6137 eegdennis@aol.com eegzone@starone.com
102056.645@compuserve.com
Mental fitness has come to be appreciated as the key differentiator between great and
not-so-great performers at all levels, in all disciplines. EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback)
has proven itself to be useful in training control of arousal and attention as well as
training mental flexibility and stability, mostly in a clinical, pathology-oriented
context. The use of neurofeedback for performance enhancement applications has come to be
dominated by relatively simplistic, one-dimensional protocols that, although somewhat
beneficial, reflect little of the rigor and breadth found in modern clinical applications.
The result is that much of the possible benefit to be derived from neurofeedback for
performance enhancement is being neither offered nor gained. This presentation offers the
beginnings of a comprehensive model for the application of neurofeedback and other
frequency based technologies to performance enhancement, drawn from current
neurophysiological theory, non- pathology-oriented assessment methods and successful
clinical outcomes.
Outline
1. Performance Types: Some Common and Unique Requirements
a. Repetitive action versus novelty
b. Reaction versus initiation
c. Simple versus complex
2. Assessment Methods: Where is the Process Breaking Down?
a. Continuous performance task evaluation
b. Evaluation of attentional and interaction styles
c. Progress measurement
3. Protocol Selection: Application of Available Tools
a. Training arousal and attention
b. Training relaxation and readiness
c. Releasing and reprogramming
4. Comprehensive Performance Enhancement Model
a. The Performance Cycle
b. The right tool for the job
Neurofeedback and Enhancing Golf Performance Brain Wave Training and Its Effect on
Golf Performance
Dan Chartier Life Quality Resources 8404 Glenwood
Ave. Suite B Raleigh, NC 27612 (919)782-4597 fax(919)782-6800
NeuroNavigators, an applied research group, selected at random golfers of different
skill levels to see if helping golfers to manage their mind had a positive effect on
improving their skills. The methodology blended neurofeedback technology, behavior change
strategies, assessments, and coaching. The researchers--Dan Chartier (Ph.D.), Larry
Collins (Ed.D.), and Darren Koons (M.S.)--wanted tosee if after training the participants
shot lower scores, struck the ball sweeter, managed the mental side of the game better,
and controlled stressful situations. As measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS), an
instrument used to measure mood states of sthletes, participants decreased the negative
factors of tension, anxiety, depression, anger, confusion, and fatigue while increasing
their levels of energy and vigor. They reduced their eighteen-hole scores by an average of
eight (8) strokes with a notable exception, namely, severl golfers who shot consistently
in the 90’s recorded a 79 for their first time. Rsearch Format and Results Data from
pre-and-post training golf scores and Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores show that
neurofeedback (EEG) training has a beneficial effect on improving golf skills. Fifteen
subjects completed 10 EEG training sessions and practiced a series of mind-body skilll
integration sessions. The EEG training included a protocol that provided audio feedback
contingent onthe simultaneous presence of three frequencies above a selected threshold.
The skill integration practice included: (1) sensationalization and visulaization of
perfect performance of a selected golf skill while maintaining targeted EEG activity, and
(2) actual practice of the skill while attempting to produce the mind-body state achieved
during the feedback training. Fourteen of the participants reported significant improement
in their ability to strike the ball better, more consistently, more confidently, and more
accurately. They stated they were able to putt more smothly, judge distances from the cup
more accurately, and sense (feel) the putt better. They reported an increase in both their
ability to focus anc concentrate. Twelve of the participants completed pre-and post
training Profile of Mood States (POMS). The POMS resulkts for 10 of those 12 subjects
showed development of what is called an "Iceberg Profile", a pattern of scores
that is typically found in elite athletes. This is where the factors of tension,
depression, anger, fatigue and confusion are reduced below the 50th T Score and factor of
vigor is augmented above the 5oth T Score. In addition to improvement in their golf game
and development of mood states seen in elite athletes, a number of participants also
reported significant improvement in physical and mental health. Although medical and
psychological symptoms were not a focus of this study, several subjects reported remission
of troubling physical symptoms including muscle spasm pain and angina. Reports of
psychological changes included improved concentration and coping with stress.
Dynamical Considerations Underlying EEG Modification Training; Thomas F. Collura,
Ph.D., P.E.
This talk will consider the dynamical processes underlying EEG signals, and their
implications for EEG modification training. The following issues arise: EEG signals are,
in and of themselves phenomenological in nature, and reflect certain types of
physiological, anatomical, and dynamical properties and activities of the brain tissue. By
training and modifying EEG phenomena, we induce changes in the nervous system, hopefully
toward
some desired end. On the other hand, mental functioning, intellect, behavior, and other
properties of interest (attention, awareness, attitude, etc), are emergent properties of
the brain/mind, which arise in a complex way, from lower-level activities in the nervous
system.
We specifically address EEG phenomena such as the generation (or suppression) of
specific frequency bands, training for generalized EEG suppression, training with complex
feddback (phase-space, other displays), and DC or slow brain potentials. Each of these has
a particular constellation of effects that it produces in the neural tissue. Overall, it
is important to distinguish localized vs. diffuse brain phenomena, and to address the
relationship between EEG functional topography and EEG training in a physiologically
sound, yet general manner.
Cliff Corman Tova 7.1 and Other New
Developments
Frontal Wide-Band Suppression: The Clearest Feedback for Concentration by Jonathan D.
Cowan, Ph.D., BCIACEEG
NeuroTechnology, Inc. 1103 Hollendale Way, Goshen, KY 40026 502-228-0605 F502-228-5228
I have developed a protocol for training one-pointed focus that is much more
sensitive and selective than any previous concentration protocol. My clinical experience
indicates that, within the first 3-4 minutes, almost every naive trainee can understand
that visually focussing on a small screen object makes it move reliably in a particular
direction. Soon afterwards, usually within the first 6 minutes, they learn to reliably
produce these changes, and can then do so for longer and longer time periods. Within the
first session, most trainees can also learn to focus their attention on specific parts of
their body or subtle details of conversation. This is in contrast to other neurofeedback
protocols, which take longer to learn because they are far less clearly related to
concentration. This new neurofeedback protocol rewards the trainee for suppressing a wide
frequency band of EEG at the frontal location (AFz) that overlies the anterior cingulate
formation, which has been suggested to be the central portion of the Executive Attention
Network (by Posner and Raichle in Images of Mind). It was developed by following up the
studies of Dr. Barry Sterman on B2 bomber pilots and other subjects doing continuous
performance tests.
Complex Closed Head Injury Bob Crago
NeurobehavioralHealth Svcs , 5363 East Pima, Suite 100 Tucson, AZ 85712
A Case of Pseudo-Dementia with Pre, Post qEEG; Bob Crago
Is There A Neurofeedback Tsunami; R. Adam Crane BCIA Senior fellow, BCIAEEG, NRNP
Diplomate
24 Browning Drive, Ossining, NY 10562 1.800.424.6832 http://MindFitness.com
Whatis@MindFitness.com
SYNCHRONY training is of great interest to many Neurofeedback practitioners. As multiple
channel Neurofeedback systems come into fashion synchrony strategies will become
critically important to this field. However, there seems to be a number of opinions about
what synchrony means. We hope to add to the confusion by explaining our views. We will
also explain why we feel synchrony training is an important part of Neurofeedback's
present and an even more important part of its future.
Stroebel, Fehmi, Green and others came to the view that there was a
special relationship between EEG Synchrony and quality of some mind states in the early
70's. This insight came as a result of measuring the synchrony present as unusually gifted
individuals demonstrated relatively high orders of perception and self regulation. Not
many are aware that the Nobel Laureate Francis Crick, coming from the traditional
neuroscience "Binding" theory of consciousness, is reported to have suggested
that EEG Synchrony may be the most accessible and practically usable signature of
consciousness.
Our considerable experience with synchrony training has
convinced us that it has substantial applications with problem patients including Alpha P
and Minus types. However, we believe that synchrony will play an even greater role in
Performance / Life Enhancement training. The value of right / left hemispheric synchrony
training is widely recognized but less is known about rear /frontal ( we think it is at
least as important.) Our views are based on clinical observations and hypothetical, as
much more controlled research needs to be done.
2 hr
workshop Performance/Life Enhancement Training Integrating Biofeedback With special
Emphasis on Neurofeedback R. Adam Crane BCIA Senior fellow, BCIAEEG, NRNP Diplomate
One of the most promising trends emerging in healthcare is assisting functional
people in becoming more functional and treating subclinical symptoms. Performance
Enhancement will probably grow exponentially in the near future. Neurofeedback opens a
niche allowing practitioners expansion into this area. We have been Providing Performance
Enhancement training since the 1970s (executives, writers, musicians, actors, models,
athletes, etc.) enabling the development of heuristic strategies embodied in The
Process(tm).
The Process, designed to appeal to the "Actualizer" segment
of the Value Added Lifestyle Survey, targets business, sports, education, art, and
personal growth. "Actualizers" are trend setters, practice builders and the
group most responsible for the evolution of biofeedback, integrative, complementary and
alternative medicine.
This innovative combination of strategies seeks to solve the problems
attendant to delivering Neurofeedback / Performance Enhancement Training to the public
individually and in small groups using qualified practitioners, inexpensive personal EEG
trainers (with or without computerized systems) and a powerful, heuristic program designed
to stand on its own with or without Neurofeedback.
The Sense of Mission is enhanced by synthesizing Logotherapy,
Psychology of Mind (Awareness), Quantum Physics, Chaos and Systems Theory, The New
Economics, Voluntary Simplicity, Profound Attention, Exersize.
We will discuss techniques for working with difficult EEG clients,
integration of computerized Neurofeedback and Synchrony training. Demonstrations subject
to time and equipment availability.
Goals of this workshop include presenting our rationale for the surge
of interest in Biofeedback assisted MindFitness programs and going as deeply as possible
into the philosophy behind and architecture of The Process training strategies and
business models .
BIO: R. Adam Crane, BCIAC Senior Fellow, BCIAEEG, NRNP Diplomate has been training
professionals in Neurofeedback, traditional biofeedback (including APA accredited BCIA and
Neurofeedback clinical certification) and developing innovative training, and biofeedback
technology for 28 years. President American BioTec (Health Training Seminars),
co-developer of CapScan, The Process, numerous Biofeedback products and services.
Neurofeedback; The Ramblings of An Engineer: Frank Deits
Focused Technology PO Box 13127 Prescott, AZ 86304 520-771-8697 F520- 778-5822
www.focused-technology.com info@focused-technology.com
Engineers are inherently troubleshooters and are
inwardly driven to look for "what's wrong". This is in contrast to the clinician
who is interested in "what works". Both approaches have their blind spots
leading to strange outcomes. Since most of this conference will be directed toward
"what works", this presentation will be directed toward some of our assumptions
and "what's wrong".
Zengar Institute 121 Prospect St. Port Jefferson, NY 11777 516-473-7317, 516-473-0051
fax: (516)473-7317 email: weare@zengar.com
Clinical approaches to neurofeedback are often highly detailed and complex, leading the
beginning- and even experienced practitioner, to feel less than adequate in treating the
variety of disorders that walk through the clinical door.
Such complex treatment protocols stem from a viewpoint which places disorder at the hub
of our interventions- a "sickness based" model which, much like western
medicine, assumes disorders are discrete entities necessitating different and distinct
treatment protocols. Under this model, the challenge is to discover the "right"
treatment which is also likely to be "wrong" for another disorder.
The powerful yet simple strategies to be offered in this presentation stem from a way of
working that places self-regulation, not disorder, at its center. We call this paradigm
the Period 3 Approach. Neurofeedback is unparalleled as a vehicle for providing the brain
with what it works with best- information. Given appropriate information the brain begins
to self-regulate more effectively and efficiently. When this happens, a myriad of
apparently disparate symptoms drop away. It doesn’t matter if you are talking about
anxiety, depression, immune system dysfunction or pain- it is, after all, all the same
nervous system.
Participants will be presented with a method of intervention standard for all
individuals (yes, you read that right!), with the treatment emphasis being adjusted
according to real time "reading of your data" as well as client symptoms. As
such you are not treating according to pre-determined rules of thumb so much as where the
client actually is at that time. As the client’s central nervous system becomes
increasingly normalized, symptoms recede. Clients will be able to tolerate training across
all frequencies regardless of presenting complaint. Inability to tolerate training at any
particular frequency (e.g. beta) demonstrates that the brain is not yet appropriately
self-regulating, rather than an intrinsic inability to tolerate beta per se.
Vital to the safety and success of this approach is the use of appropriate inhibits.
These will be detailed as well as sequences of augments. The extraordinary non-linear
results currently noted from the use of an original (21 Hz), and a less commonly used (40
Hz), frequency bands will particularly be addressed, as will working with patients
concurrently receiving ECT. You will also discover how you train two very different
attentional states on the left and right side of the brain simultaneously, increasing the
power of your interventions.
The Period 3 Approach is equally applicable to remediation of symptoms as well as
training for personal growth, spiritual development and optimal (peak) performance. Its
simple and straightforward methods will particularly resonate with:
-providers interested in appealing to the "personal growth" market as a means
of reducing dependency on managed care;
-providers who want to ensure rapid and powerful results while effectively eliminating
unwanted side effects;
-providers challenged by a particularly diverse range of client problems, and
-entry level neurofeedback practitioners who are excited but confused about how best to
proceed with development of their own clinical practice.
A Proposed Paradigm of Observed Relationships Between Attention Styles, Brain
Activity, Arousal, Performance & Personal Experience. Les Fehmi, Ph.D
.
317 Mt. Lucas Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 609-924-0782 F 609-924-0782 lesfehmi@ix.netcom.com
A systemization of observations regarding the relationship between attention styles,
brain activity, arousal, performance and personal experience will be articulated in
graphic form. A derived model describes a possible neural mechanism which underlies the
sense of presence (the sense of awareness) and its dissolution. A common example is when a
part of the diffuse background of perception emerges into foreground. We call this the
subject/object split; (or awareness/content of awareness split); when the foreground again
merges into the background we call it "subject/object dissolution"
(awareness/content dissolution). It is proposed that there are specific neural activity
patterns that are associated with each event and that these patterns may also be trained
and are associated with achievable attention styles, arousal levels, performance and
personal experience.
The Clinical Applications of a Model Which Relates Attention Processes, Neural
Activity, Arousal Level, Performance and Personal Experience
Les Fehmi, Ph.D. & Susan Shor-Fehmi, C.S.W.
This workshop will describe a model of
attention in detail by delineating the qualities of various attention states and by
discussing how each state corresponds to specific neural activity patterns. How attention
states and neural activity directly impact arousal, performance and personal experience
will be discussed. Once a theoretical understanding of attention and its correlates is
achieved, clinical applications will be presented along with useful techniques and
exercises for facilitating the easy movement between attention states and corresponding
neural patterns and arousal levels. We will continue on to illustrate how performance and
personal experience are effected by attentional and neutral flexibility. These techniques
will be demonstrated to and practiced by participants. Our goal is to give participants a
practical sense of how attention is the most fundamental behavior we engage in and how it
shapes the perception of the world around and within us. It is also our goal to provide
each participant with a new experiential repertoire of attentional choices and the skill
to employ these choices for appropriate clinical ends.
DYNAMICAL CONSIDERATIONS UNDERLYING
EEG MODIFICATION TRAINING: PART II Robert F. Fischer, MD
2700 Eureka Way, Suite 100 Redding, CA 96001
This talk will build upon Tom Collura's presentation of "Dynamical Considerations
Underlying EEG Modification Training: Part I" by continuing the exploration of mind
as "process" rather than "thing". I will introduce concepts embodied
in the Santiago Theory of Cognition developed by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela of
Chile. And I will briefly review the theories of self organizing systems, cybernetics and
autopoiesis (a term introduced by Maturana that describes the pattern underlying the
phenomenon of self organization or autonomy that is characteristic of living systems).
This exploration will help us broaden our theoretical perspectives, enabling us to
construct a framework within which we can both discuss and understand the meaning and
effects of providing EEG feedback to a comlex organizational system ---a human being.
It will help us better understand and identify the significant factors contributing to
and resulting in beneficial/therapeutic clinical changes in our clients, recognizing that
perhaps the essence of these therapeutic changes is related to a change or changes in the
"connectivity" of the complex networks of our integrated and reciprocal
neuro-endo-immune systems.
I will utilize the concept of structural coupling as defined by Maturana and Varela to
provide a framework that will enable us to understand relationships between ourselves and
the world around us as well as between ourselves and our inner worlds.
These approaches will highlight limitations of the DSM 3 diagnotic system while also
providing an opportunity to explain how many clinicians using many varied and different
approaches such as Och's, Wall, the Othmers and Lubars can attain significant favorable
therapeutic results. This approach can also explain how a seemingly linear therapeutic
procedure (i.e. training for a specific EEG wave frequency) can result in benefits for a
seemingly diverse group of DSM 3 diagnostic categories.
Finally I will introduce our concept of primary and secondary synaptic training and its
applications to optimum performance training with clients.
AUTHENTIC VOICE; A TWO-HOUR
EXPERIENTIAL WORKSHOP with Singer/Songwriter Jan Garret
Foolchild Music 5306 Canta Loupa Avenue Van Nuys, CA 91401 (818)787-5545 Jazzjan@flash.net
Authentic: That which can be believed or accepted. Genuine, real.
Author: Creator, originator.
Authority: Power or influence resulting from practical knowledge. Self-assurance &
expertise that comes from experience.
Voice: The physical, tangible, and audible extension of breath.
Breath is life-force energy.
Inspiration=In breath.
Expression=Out breath.
Reminder: You are not breathing yourself.
What/Who is?
The human voice is a natural bio-feedback system. Everybody has one. It's free,
portable, and intimately accessible 24 hours a day. It is a 100% accurate auditory
interface between the inner and outer worlds. By extension it includes our artistic voice
and our voice in the larger community.
In this workshop you will learn (and be able to teach clients):
1) How to lighten up.
2) How to listen and respond creatively to what you hear, see, feel, and sense.
3) How to be present in time, space, and your own body through
a) Conscious awareness
b) Breath
c) Movement
d) Sound
4) Key exercises to give all aspects of yourself a voice, balance your energy, amplify
and enrich your personal sound, and strengthen your power supply.
5) The unbendable Aikido arm technique and how it relates to
a) Attention
b) Intention
6) Practical benefits of toning, chanting, and singing for yourself and
with others (even if you think you can't carry a tune.)
7) Useful & encouraging ways to play it by ear: Improvisation in music and life.
Some milestones in the healing process and a higher functioning of the
brain" Dr. Uwe Gerlach, Germany
Bettinger Str. 104, D-79639-Grenzach-Wyhlen, Tel. 0049-7624-980636, Fax -981319, e-mail:
CompuServe 101362,1022 and uwegerlach@aol.com
1) The genuine inner healer can only be activated if the clients mind is driven by an
inner wisdom and discipline.
2) In general the observation is valid that mostly more complex and intellectual people
become seriously interested in developing their own mind.
3) If somebody is ill, there is an urgent need of initiating a healing process which can
change his mind to a higher complexity.
4) As these processes are principally "chaotic" and not continuous, there are
intermediate stages where the process can go down to a "bad end" or can go up to
a higher complexity.
5) The chance for healing and/or peak performing states can drastically be augmented, if
the organism (body and mind) often is in the "flow" state - e. g. the well known
theta states.
6) In the healing procedure the neuronal networks are temporarily in a "plastic
state" allowing a process of superlearning. Myriads of thoughts, feelings and sensual
perceptions pass the mind and must be filtered and ordered. By feedback loops with the
sensual input from the outer world new complex brain structures are formed which from now
govern the personality. These new structures are felt to be energetic and can be changed
at will.
7) When the traumata and brain blockades are removed, new positive energies can freely
float through the brain and the body. The chance to become ill is drastically reduced.
Virtual environments (VE) have been used to successfully treat mental health disorders
for the past five years. These include such disorders as fear of flying, fear of heights,
fear of spiders, and eating disorders.
Other studies are currently underway to treat attention-deficit
disorder, autism, social phobia, and many neuropsychological disorders with virtual
reality (VR).
Biofeedback and neurotherapy have been shown to also help successfully treat many of
these same disorders. It is therefore interesting to note that to date, no studies have
been published which include real-time physiological monitoring as part of VE treatment.
The potential benefits of using physiological monitoring as part of VE will be discussed
and an overview of the field of mental health and VR will be presented.
Reading tasks and Lambda EEG activity. Jay
Gunkelman
Many clinicians are using the qEEG for evaluating brain function
during intakes. Evaluating the brain under task, such as mental math or reading, adds
significantly to the evaluation. Understanding what is being mapped requires a strong
background in EEG as well as experienced technical skill during epoch selection.
There are normal varients in EEG which are commonly seen in testing.
The understanding of mapping requires knowledge of these findings and their appearance in
the mapping.
Lambda is one such normal varient, seen as theta in mapping. The
waveform morphology, location and mapping of Lambda will be reviewed. The impact on
interpretation will be discussed.
Hjorth Referencing in qEEG Jay Gunkelman
Every montage referencing technique has its unique advantages and weaknesses. Modern
qEEG machines alow the user to remontage the data after it has been recorded. The advances
in computer hardware computing power gives the user access to powerful resolution
enhancing montages using Laplacian mathmatics.
These techniques are variously called: Hjorth, Laplacian, local average, source
derivative and virtual references, depending on the schooling of the presenter. The
technique will be discribed, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. Its importance in
resolving mapping issues will be demonstrated with the qEEG mapping of a professional
boxer.
Workshop: Introduction to qEEG Jay Gunkelman
The workshop will cover in detail the definitions and meaning of a full range qEEG
maps. Amplitude, power, relative power, Z-scores, coherence, symmetry and phase. Data base
issues will be discussed.
The fundamentals of EEG will be covered with mapping used to illustrate various
diagnostic examples, such as ADD, depression and epilepsy.
WS: Neuropysiology and qEEG. Generators and patterns of activity; Implications
for Neurofeedback. Jay Gunkelman
A comprehensive model of the brain will be
developed, with graphic overheads. Rhythm generators, projection pathways, cortical
functions, subcortical/cortical regulators such as the brain stem, thalamus, caudate and
limbic system will all be included.
This presentation will lead to the presentation of detailed qEEG analysis from data
illustrating head trauma, ADD/ADHD, affective disorders, memory deficits. Evoked potential
data will also be displayed from attentionally disordered and affective patients. The
implication for customized patient protocols is discussed.
The Theta State and Hypnosis Corydon Hammond
University of Utah School of Medicine Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
(801)581-2256 fax(801)585-5757
A research summary of the theta literature twenty years ago suggested that there were
two tupes of theta; a drowsy theta, and a theta associated with highly focused attention
and involved in complex problem solving, such as doing mental arithmetic. More recent
research will be noted that has found a mid-frontal theta (just anterior to FZ and a few
millimeters to the left of midline), centering on 6.5 Hz, that is associated with focused
attention, is more commonly associated with extroversion, low anxiety, and low
neuroticism.
Most people in neurofeedback are unfamiliar with the research literature on hypnosis
and brainwave patterns. In fact, many neurofeedback practitioners have been exposed to
myths and misunderstand hypnosis, falsely perceiving it as not promoting self-regulation.
Hypnosis refers to a state of focused attention. Research finds that when initially
entering hypnosis, there is a great deal of 40 Hz activity, followed by a shift to theta
brainwaves, particularly in the frontal regions, in the range of 5.5 to 6.5 Hz--the middle
point of which is also 6.5 Hz! High hypnotizable persons exhibit more theta (5.5-6.5 Hz)
brainwaves than low hypnotizables, both in a waking state, sitting with their eyes closed,
and while in both alpha-theta training and in hypnosis, may be particularly focused in
this range at about 7 Hz. Givien unique capacities associated with this range of theta
activity, the routine use of theta inhibit programs should be questioned. High
hypnotizables are found to manifest cognitive flexibility and very special capacities,
including higher creativity and abilities to powerfully influence body processes (e.g., in
asthma, GI disorders, hemophilia, would healing), including the capacity to produce
profound analgesic relief equivalent to or greater than that produced by morphine. The
relevance of this literature to clinical practice and for increasing a person’s
self-hypnotic capacity will be discussed briefly, and elaborated more fully in alater
workshop.
A research summary of the theta literature
twenty years ago suggested that there were two types of the theta; a drowsy theta, and a
theta associated with highly focused attention and involved in complex problem solving,
such as doing mental arithmetic. More recent research will be noted that has found a
mid-frontal theta centering on 6.5 Hz, that is associated with focused attention, and is
more commonly associated with extroversion, low anxiety, and low neuroticism. Most people
in neurofeedback are unfamiliar with the research literature on hypnosis and brainwave
patterns. In fact, many neurofeedback practitioners have been exposed to myths and
misunderstand hypnosis, falsely perceiving it as not promoting self-regulation. Hynosis
refers to a state of focused attention. Research finds that when initially entering
hypnosis, there is a great deal of 40 Hz activity, followed by a shift to theta
brainwaves, particularly in the frontal regions, in the range of 5.5 to 6.5 Hz--the middle
point of which is also 6.5 Hz! High hypnotizable persons exhibit more theta (5.5-6.5 Hz)
than low hypnotizables, both in a waking state, with their eyes closed, and while in
hypnosis. Some literature also suggests that mental imagery, such as we use in both
alpha-theta training and in hypnosis, may be particularly focused in this range at about 7
Hz. Certain clinical poulations also posses higher hypnotizability, including in patients
with 1) bulimia or purging anorexia, 2) more severe hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy,
3) posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, 4) insomnia, 5) nightmares, 6)
temporomandibular joint and other chronic pain syndromes, 7) more intense uticaria
symptoms, 8) more severe migraines, 9) conversion disorders, 10) dissociative disorders,
and 11) phobias. Such data has relevance for understanding such disorders and for
neurofeedback. High hypnotizables also manifest cognitive flexibility and very special
capacities, including higher creativity and abilities to powerfully influence body
processes, including the capacity to produce profound analgesic relief equivalent to or
greater than that produced by morphine.
Unfortunately, the fields of neurofeedback and clinical hypnosis have very little
intercommuication, and yet they are relevant to each other and can be synergistic.
Barabasz, for example, utilizes a combination of neurofeedback and hypnosis in treating
ADD. Following a brief discussion of this literature, this workshop will discuss and
demonstrate the simultaneous use of hypnosis with binaural beat stimulation, and with
photic and auditory stimulation, in the theta brainwave range. Issues of informed consent
for liability protection will also be discussed, along with uses of deep, meditative
trance and prolonged hynosis. It is believed that peak performance training might very
beneficially utilize 6.5 Hz. as one of the training parameters (e.g, along with 13 Hz). I
will overview research that we are beginning on increasing hypnotizability through
utilizing neurofeedback along with light/sound stimulation, as well as clinical experience
in increasing hypnotic responsivity. There will also be discussion of the beneficial use
of positive suggestions during alpha-theta training. It is believed that persons utilizing
clinical hypnosis can benefit from adding neurofeedback skills to their repertoire, and
that clinicians utilizing neurofeedback (particularly with alpha-theta training) can
benefit from learning more about utilizing hypnotic phenomena and enhancing their
skillfulness in providing therapeutic suggestions and promoting imagery.
The Ultimate Peak Performers: Alpha Feedback Training for US Army Green Berets
Dr. James V. Hardt
Biocybernaut Institute 1052 Rhode Island Street San Francisco, CA 94107 415- 824-5581
415-824-5582 Training@Biocybernaut.com
Superstar athletes are often considered to exemplify peak
performance. However, many athletes have an off-season where training goals become lower
priority. US Army Special Forces have no off-season, and their training goals are always
first priority. Two 12-man teams of US Army Green Berets received extensive training in
EEG alpha feedback. Prior to their alpha EEG training, all 24 Green Berets had 4 channel
EEG recordings of their EEG baselines under three conditions: Eyes Open and Eyes Closed [4
minutes each], and Eyes Closed with White Noise [6 minutes]. These baselines recorded
simultaneous integrated amplitude EEG activity from 4 different cortical sites [O1 , O2 ,
C3 , C4]. Each soldier had a private interview following these recordings. Then all 24
soldiers went on a month-long meditation retreat [retreat is a bad word in the Army, so it
was called a "meditation encampment"]. Following the month of meditation, the
soldiers received the Biocybernaut Institute 7-day intensive alpha training. All trainings
involved simultaneous integrated amplitude feedback [auditory plus digital scores] on at
least two different cortical sites [O1 , O2], and were conducted at a high security Army
base using a group EEG feedback system from Biocybernaut Institute, which had been
configured to train 6 soldiers at the same time. The soldiers took batteries of
personality tests before and after their alpha training. These tests included: MMPI,
Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, and the Personality Orientation Inventory [POI], which
operationalizes Maslow's concept of the self-actualizing personality. Also included in
this pre-/ post-testing were the trait forms of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List
[MAACL], the Clyde Mood Scale [CMS], and the Profile of Mood States [POMS].
Many of the action-oriented soldiers had a bad experience of the
meditation encampment, which they experienced as very stressful. EEG baselines taken just
after the encampment showed large reductions of EEG alpha activity. In contrast, their
subsequent 7-day intensive alpha training was a very positive experience with both 12-man
teams showing large increases in alpha activity. The Biocybernaut Institute EEG feedback
equipment was available on the army base for 2
